Statin use found to be associated with cognitive decline. The authors defined use as long-term, though 2 years of use was found to be associated with decline. interestingly, metabolic syndrome was not found to be associated with cognitive decline.
simvastatin, a cholesterol lowering drug, shown to decrease testosterone by 38% in women with PCOS. This supports what has been seen in men on statin therapy.
Meta-analysis finds that Testosterone lowers Testosterone levels in both men and women. I love the authors concluding remarks: "whether this is a detrimental side effect..." in men, there is no doubt.
statin therapy damages mitochondria. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell: they are the energy producers of the cell. It is no surprise that damage to the cells capacity to make energy will in turn decrease the capacity of muscle to perform.
I really don't understand the purpose of this study. Why give "healthy" men with normal lipids atorvastatin??? The study found a reduction in TC and LDL, but also a reduction in sperm number, decreased sperm vitality, increased sperm morphology, decreased prostatic acid pho sphatases, epididymal neutral alpha-glucosidase and L-carnitine levels resulted.
Testosterone is known to provide anti-inflammatory signaling in men. This study, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I (coQ dependent) resulted in lower testosterone in rat models. One of the major side effects of statin therapy is poor memory and brain fog. Hmmm.
The point of this post is not that the author concludes that metformin an statin therapy should be used in PCOS women on birth control with elevated cardiovascular risk; but that with struggling with PCOS should have cardiovascular risk assessment prior to starting birth control. Again, back to the individualized approach paradigm.
This article tells it all in the conclusion: "Changing our current practice pattern could take many years, but we may one day prescribe cholesterol-raising medications to certain patients". The long term effect of lowering cholesterol MAY stabilize plaques (not reduce), but at the expense of the brain. So, we may all have stable plaques, but we just won't know it because our brains will be fried.
Retrospective study finds that 2 years of Testosterone and GH do not change metabolic biomarkers, PSA, or disease risk. LDL and TC were in fact decreased in the study arm without statin therapy.
Only abstract available here, but atorvastatin associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events but also associated with increased risk of diabetes.
CoQ10 reduced inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha. CoQ10 also increased SOD, catalase, and glutathione perioxidase. The duration of therapy was quite short--12 weeks. The patients included in the study had pre-existing CAD.
study finds prolonged exposure to estrogen associated with increased colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. So many unanswered questions. What was the ER status of these patients? What was the weight of these patients? One cannot simply compare estrogen exposure to colorectal cancer risk and say aha! What is the environment of the individual(s)?!Thanks
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up to 40% of men with T2DM have testosterone deficiency
Among diabetic patients, a reduction in sex hormone binding globulin levels induced by insulin resistance leads to a further decline of testosterone levels
low bioavailable testosterone concentration was related to decreased lean body mass and muscle strength
Testosterone deficiency has a high prevalence in men with T2DM, and it is also associated with impaired insulin sensitivity, increased percentage body fat, central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
A meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed that TRT seemed to improve glycemic control as well as fat mass in T2DM subjects with low testosterone levels and sexual dysfunction.
testosterone administration could increase muscle mass and strength
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue via the Glut4 glucose transporter isoform. When insulin activates signaling via the insulin receptor, Glut4 interacts with insulin receptor substrate 1 to initialize intracellular signaling and facilitate glucose transportation into the cell
The benefits of TRT on glucose metabolism can mainly be explained by its influence on the insulin signaling pathway
Insulin resistance as assessed by, which is calculated from the equation (If*Gf/22.5, where If is fasting insulin and Gf is fasting glucose), was definitely improved by TRT after testosterone administration in three studies
Testosterone was observed to elevate the expression levels and stimulate translocation of Glut4 in cultured skeletal muscle cells and to upregulate Glut4 by activating insulin receptor signaling pathways in neonatal rats
These effects were inhibited by a dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blocker, indicating that glucose uptake may correlate with conversion of testosterone to DHT and activation of the androgen receptor.
TRT reduced triglyceride levels
TRT has been reported to have a positive effect in the decrease of total and LDL cholesterol levels and triglycerides in hypogonadal men
a recent meta-analysis showed that statins could significantly lower testosterone concentrations.
Epidemiological studies have found a negative relationship between testosterone levels and typical cardiovascular risk markers, such as body mass index, waist circumference, visceral adiposity and carotid intima-media thickness.
Testosterone treatment was shown to raise hemoglobin, hematocrit and thromboxane, all of which might give rise to CVD
Low Testosterone is a very significant problem in men with type II Diabetes. Estimated to reach 40%, likely much higher. They based these estimates only on T levels and sexual symptoms.
Testosterone improves glycemic control primarily through Increased transcription and transloction of GLUT4 insulin receptors to the cell surface. Inflammation reduction is also a mechanism. Testosteorne lowers Triglycerides in the traditional lipid profile. Studies are mixed on the other aspects of lipids.